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ＧＲＥ全真考试题七 |
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| 作者：佚名 来源：互联网 点击数： 更新时间：2006-7-11
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The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous record-keepers, and because of this, can claim humanity s longest continuous -------- of natural events.
defiance
documentation
maintenance
theory
domination
答案：(B)
astronomical: a.1.天文(学)的,天体的 2.巨大的
assiduous: a.刻苦勤奋的 2.经常的,坚持不懈的
claim: v.1.对(名声,财产)提出要求,认领,索取 2.声称有,拥有
defiance: n.违抗,蔑(藐)视,挑战
documentation: n.1.文件证据的记述编制 2.文献资料 3.详尽引证
maintenance: n.1.维持,保持 2.维修,养护,保养 3.坚持,主张 4.生计,生活资料 5.扶养
domination: n.1.支配,统治,主宰,优势 2.宗主权,宗主地位
中国人继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察,可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者.基于这一原因,中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最漫长悠久,持之以恒的文献记载.
Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still ------- on land, where mining is relatively inexpensive, mining the ocean floor has yet to become a ------- enterprise.
scarce. . common
accessible.. marginal
unidentified.. subsidized
conserved . . public
plentiful.. profitable
答案：(E)
mine: v.1.开采,从...提取天然成分 2.在地下挖坑道,暗中破坏
have yet to: v.尚有待于
enterprise: n.艰巨复杂(或带冒险性)的计划,雄心勃勃的事业
accessible: a.1.易于接近的,可进入的 2.可使用的,易获得的 3.(人)易相处的 4.易懂的
marginal: a.1.边比的,边沿地区的 2.边际的,勉强够格的,最低限度的 3.微量的,不重要的
subsidize: v.1.补贴,资助 2.用贿赂换得...的资助
conserve: v.1.保护,保存 2.使永恒不灭
由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在,且陆地上开采又相对廉价,因此,对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业.
The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ------- that permits very little-------.
text.. clarity
work.. tradition
genre.. deviation
oration.. grandiloquence
achievement.. rigidity
答案：(C)
valedictory address: n.告别演说,知别辞
literary: a.1.文学的 2.精通文学的,文人学士的 3.书面的
clarity: n.1.清澈,明净 2.清晰,明晰
genre: n.1.类型,体裁,样式 2.风俗画
deviation: n.背离,偏离,偏差
oration: n.演说,演讲
grandiloquence: n.大言不惭,夸张,做作
rigidity: n.1.坚硬刚性 2.严格,刻析,僵死
告别演说,正如它在过去的几年中在美国的诸大学和学院发展起来的那样,已变成一种极为严格的形式,一种绝少允许偏差的文学性体裁
A human being is quite ------- creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and ------- is thin and often easily breached.
a logical.. problems
a frail.. insecurity
a valiant.. phobias
an ambitious.. morality
a ludicrous.. laughter
答案：(B)
gloss: n.1.光泽,光亮平滑的表面 2.虚假的外表,假象
rationality: n.理性,合理性
breach: v.1.破坏,违反 2.撕裂
logical: a.1.逻辑(上)的,逻辑学的 2.符合逻辑的,有逻辑头脑的 3.按照逻辑发展的
frail: a.脆弱的,易损坏的,身体虚弱的
valiant: a.勇敢的,英勇的
phobia: n.1.恐惧症 2.恐惧,憎恶
ludicrous: a.滑稽有趣的,荒唐可笑的
人类是一殊为脆弱的生物体,因为掩盖着其恐惧心和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱,且常常易于破裂.
Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry, even now only a few independent observers ------- his works.
praise
revile
scrutinize
criticize
neglect
答案：(A)
passage: n.(时间的)消逝,推移
soften: v.1.使变软,使软化,使缓和 2.使变暗,使变轻,使变淡 3.减轻,削弱
hostile: a.1.敌方的 2.怀敌意的,不友善的,不利的
revile: v.辱骂,痛斥
scrutinize: v.详细检查(观察),细看
尽管多年的岁月流逝已减缓了最初人们对他诗歌充满敌意的反应,但即使在目前,只有为数不多的独立观察家赞誉他的作品.
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [NextPage]
Unlike philosophers who constructed theoretically ideal states, she built a theory based on -------; thus, although her constructs may have been inelegant, they were ------ sound.
reality.. aesthetically
intuition.. intellectually
surmise.. scientifically
experience.. empirically
conjecture.. factually
答案：(D)
construct: a.1.构成物 2.观念,概念,构念
sound: a.1.强壮健康的 2.完好无病的 3.牢固的,可靠的 4.正确合理的,扎实的,精湛的
aesthetically: adv.美学地,艺术地,审美地
intuition: n.直觉
intellectually: adv.埋智地,理性地
surmise: n.推测,臆测,疑惑
empirically: adv.以经验为根据际,经验主义地,经验上
conjecture: n.猜测,揣摩
与那些构建理论上完美理想之状态的哲学家不同,她以经验为依据建立其理论,因此,尽管她的构念有可能不够雅致,但它们从经验主义的角度看却是切实可行的.
Once a duckling has identified a parent, the instinctive bond becomes a powerful ------- for additional learning since, by ------- the parent, the duckling can acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.
impulse.. surpassing
referent.. recognizing
force.. acknowledging
inspiration.. emulating
channel.. mimicking
答案：(E)
duckling: n.小鸭,幼鸭
identify: v.识别,确认,鉴定
parent: n.[生]亲本,亲代,母体
instinctive: a.本能的,出于天性的,直觉的
bond: n.约束力,结合力,联结,纽带
genetically: adv.1.创始的,起源的,发生的,自然生长的 2.历史上的,发展的,演变的 3.遗传学的
impulse: n.1.推动,驱使,冲力,推力 2.推动作用,冲力作用. 3.冲动,突然的欲望,一时的念头
referent: n.所指事物(对象),关系项,参照物
emulate: v.1.竭力赶超,与...竞争,比得上 2.仿效,模仿
channel: n.1.海峡 2.河床 3.沟渠 4.途径,门径 5.官方渠道,正式程序
mimic: v.1.模仿 2.(模拟地)戏弄
一旦某只小鸭辩认出其亲本,这种带有本能性质的纽带便变成一条极有用的进行额外学习的渠道,因为通过模仿其亲本,小鸭能进一步获取那些单靠基因遗传所无法传输给它的信息.
INFLATE: BURST
atrophy: evaporate
pull: tear
expose: hide
excavate : increase
break: shatter
答案：(B)
打气(使骄傲):爆裂
萎缩(衰退):蒸发
拉:撕裂
暴露:隐藏(动物生皮)
挖出:增加
打破:碎
FLIP: RESPECT::
curt : ignorance
bleak: firmness
wry: humor
nonchalant: concern
rash: promptness
答案：(D)
无礼的，轻率的:尊敬
简略而草率的:无知
荒凉的:稳固
挖苦的(扭曲的):幽默(纵容)
冷漠的，无动于衷的:关心
鲁莽的:敏捷
REQUEST: COMMAND::
propose: stipulate
enlist: support
relegate : consign
volunteer: accept
select: reject
答案：(A)
要求:命令
提议:强行规定(约定)
服兵役:支持
贬低(降级):委托，托运
自愿:接受
选择；拒绝
BOUNDLESS: LIMIT::
truncated : length
voracious ; appetite
impeccable: flaw
fascinating : interest
syncopated : beat
答案：(C)
无边界的:界限，限制
被切短的:长度
狼吞虎咽的(贪婪的):胃口
无瑕的:缺陷
迷人的:兴趣
切分节奏的(缩短的):有节奏的拍打(搅拌)
MOLT: BIRD
slough : snake
hibernate: bear
metamorphose: spider
shuck : oyster
hatch: egg
答案：(A)
换羽毛:鸟
蜕皮:蛇
冬眠:熊
变态:蜘蛛
去壳:牡蛎
孵(船舱盖):卵
RENOUNCE: PLEDGE::
exculpate: victim
desecrate : shrine
recriminate : hero
redeem : honor
rescind : order
答案：(E)
放弃，否认:誓言(抵押品)
开脱罪责:牺牲品
亵渎:圣地
反控:男主角(英雄)
赎回(实践诺言):荣誉
废除，取消:命令
COWARD: CRAVEN::
liar: facetious
dupe: gullible
commentator: caustic
judge: impartial
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [NextPage] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
criminal: hostile
答案：(B)
懦夫:胆怯的
撒谎之人:轻浮的(好开玩笑的)
轻信者:轻信的
评论员:尖刻的(腐蚀剂)
法官:公正的
罪犯:敌意的
ENFRANCHISE: VOTE::
advertise: sell
fumigate: kill
filter: purify
illuminate: see
ignite: burn
答案：(D)
给予选举权(释放):投票
做广告:卖
烟熏消毒:杀
过滤:纯化
照明(阐明):看
点燃:烧
STRUT: WING
beam: door
axle: wheel
guy: pylon
root: plant
twig: branch
答案：(C)
支杆(昂首阔步地走)；机翼
大梁:门
轴:轮
支索:铁塔
根:植物
细枝(理解):枝
As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not.
To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have "density-dependent" growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have "density-independent" growth parameters, with vital, rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.
This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.
In order to understand the nature of the ecologist s investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easilly characterized and its effects described,even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating opulations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] |
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