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In the fields of Delano. Califomia.
In 1965. Luis Valdez started the
Teatro Campesino (Farm worker's
Theater), and with it initiated
(5) the renaissance of Mexican American
theater. The Teatro Campesino had an
avowedly political purpose: to rally
campesinos (farmworkers) in support
of the farm workers' strike then
(10) being organized by Cesar Chavez
Valdez dramatic presentations,
called actos,spoke to a campesino
audience and addressed topics and
themes directly related to the strike.
(15) Valdez early actos were composed of
a series of scenes about the strike
experience acted by campesino volun-
teers. His later actos were presented
by a newly constituted professional
(20) company, still called the Teatro
Campesino, and addressed such themes
as the impact of the Vietnam War on
Mexican Americans and the dangers of
assimilation, themes relevant to urban
(25) Mexican Americans as well as to
campesinos. All Valdez' actos con-
tained elements of song and dance,
relied little on stage effects or
props, and featured the use of masks.
(30) These dramatic elements, along with
an intensely social or political
purpose and the use of a mixture
of Spanish, English, and Mexican
American dialects in the dialogues.
(35) which realistically capture the
flavor of Mexican American conver-
sation,are still characteristic
both of the acto and of most other
forms of Mexican American theater
(40) today.
Innovative as it is, the acto owes
much to the theater traditions or
other periods and regions. Like early
Spanish American religious dramas,
(45) secular folk dramas, and the Mexican
carpas of a somewhat later period,
actos are usually performed outdoors
by traveling groups of players or by
local theater groups. The improvised
(50) comic satire of the actos is often
attributed to Valdez' study of the
Italian commedia dell' arte of the
sixteenth century, although some
critics see it as a direct reflection
(55) of the comic and improvisational
qualities of the more contemporary
and local carpas of Mexican theater.
The Italian influence is likely,
whatever Valdez immediate source:
(60) the Mexican carpas themselves are
said to have originated from the
theater pieces of a sixteenth-century
Spanish writer inspired by encounters
with Italian commedia dell'arte troupes
(65) on tour in Spain. The English-language
theater has provided elements as well:
Valdez himself has acknowledged his
debt to the agitprop socialist theater
that appeared in the United States
(70) during the 1920's and 1930's. In
particular, his actos contain the
same assortment of semiallegorical
characters and the same blend of
music, chorus, and dialogue found
(75) in some of the agitprop pieces, as
well as the same fierce spirit of
social and political critique. Finally,
many of Valdez' later theater pieces
freely incorporate characters, plots
(80) and symbols drawn from the indigenous
myths and rituals of the pre-Hispanic
peoples of Latin America. In fact, no
other art form illustrates more clearly
the depth and complexity of the Mexican
(85) American heritage itself than does the
acto of Luis Valdez and the Teatro
Campesino.
According to the passage , the
original impetus behind the esta-
blishment of the Teatro Campesino
was which of the following?
To help urban Mexican Americans
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [NextPage]
understand the problems confronting
striking campesinos in California
To promote an attitude of pride
in the depth and richness of the
Mexican American heritage among
striking campesinos.
To provide striking campesinos
an opportunity to use their creative
talents to express their political
opinions.
To allow its founder to express
his personal support of the campesinos'
strike effort.
To mobilize compesinos to support
the farm workers' strike in California"
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
1965年,在加利福尼亚州德拉诺田野里,Luis Valdez创办了Teatro Campesino
(农业工人剧社),并以该剧社的创立而开了美国墨西哥戏剧复兴繁荣之先河。
Teatro Campesino拥有一个公然宣称的政治目的:将campesinos(农业工人们)
集中团结起来,以支持在当时由Cesar Chavez组织的农业工人大罢工。Valdez创
作的被称为actos的戏剧专演专门面向一个由campesinos(农业工人)构成的观众,
涉及那些与罢工真接相关的话题与主题。Valdez的早期剧作由一系列有关罢工经验
的场景构成,由农业工人中的志愿者表演。他的后期剧作由一个新组建的但仍被称
为Teatro Campesino的专业剧团上演,所涉及的主题包括越南战争对墨西哥裔美
国人的影响,以及民族同化的危险。此类主题不仅仅与农业工人,而且亦与都市墨
西哥裔美国人相关。Valdez的所有剧作都包含歌舞因素,极少依赖舞台效果或道具,
以面具的应用为其特点。这些戏剧因素,连同一种强烈的社会或政治目的,以及对
话中西班牙语、英语、和墨西哥裔美国人方言(这些方言真实地捕捉住了墨西哥裔
美国人对话的韵味)的混合使用,不仅仅仍为acto这类剧作所特有,而且也为当
今绝大多数其它形式的墨西哥裔美国人的戏剧所特有。
尽管它富于创新色彩,但acto这类剧作在很大程度上借鉴利用了其它时期和
其它地区的戏剧传统。如同早期西班牙裔美国人的宗教戏剧、世俗的民间戏剧、以
及某个稍后时期的墨西哥carpas戏剧一样,actos这类剧作通常在室外由演员巡回
剧团或由地方性剧团演出。Actos这类剧作即兴的喜剧讽刺经常被归诸于Valdez对
十六世纪意大利commedia dell’arte(即兴喜剧)的研究,尽管某些评论家将其
视作是更为当代和更具地方色彩的墨西哥carpas戏剧中喜剧性质和即兴性质的一
种直接反映。不管Valdez的直接渊源是什么,意大利的影响甚为可能:据称,墨
西哥的carpas戏剧本身就源自十六世纪西班牙作家的戏剧作品,而这些西班牙作
家则又是从与在西班牙国内到处巡回演出的意大利commedia dell’arte(即兴喜
剧)剧团的遭遇接触中汲取灵感的。用英语创作的戏剧同样也提供了某些因素:
Valdez自己就曾承认,他从二十年代和三十年代在美国出现的宣传鼓动性质的社会
主义戏剧中获益匪浅。尤其是,他的actos剧作包含了可在某些宣传鼓动性作品中
发现的同样类型的半寓意性人物,同样的音乐、合唱、和对话的融合,以及同样的
强烈的社会和政治批判精神。最后,Valdez的许多后期戏剧作品不拘一格地融合了
人物、情节、以及取材于拉丁美洲前西班牙民族的土著神话和宗教仪式中的各种象
征。事实上,没有任何其它艺术形式,能比Luis Valdez的actos剧作以及农业工
人剧社(the Teatro Campesino)更为清晰地例证墨西哥裔美国人的文学遗产本身
所达到的那种深度和复杂性。
The author cites all of the
following as probable influences
on Valdez' development of the acto
EXCEPT the
theater of sixteenth-century Italy
carpas of Mexico
drama of classical Greece
English-language theater of the
United States
myths and rituals of pre-Hispanic
America"
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
1965年,在加利福尼亚州德拉诺田野里,Luis Valdez创办了Teatro Campesino
(农业工人剧社),并以该剧社的创立而开了美国墨西哥戏剧复兴繁荣之先河。
Teatro Campesino拥有一个公然宣称的政治目的:将campesinos(农业工人们)
集中团结起来,以支持在当时由Cesar Chavez组织的农业工人大罢工。Valdez创
作的被称为actos的戏剧专演专门面向一个由campesinos(农业工人)构成的观众,
涉及那些与罢工真接相关的话题与主题。Valdez的早期剧作由一系列有关罢工经验
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [NextPage] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
的场景构成,由农业工人中的志愿者表演。他的后期剧作由一个新组建的但仍被称
为Teatro Campesino的专业剧团上演,所涉及的主题包括越南战争对墨西哥裔美
国人的影响,以及民族同化的危险。此类主题不仅仅与农业工人,而且亦与都市墨
西哥裔美国人相关。Valdez的所有剧作都包含歌舞因素,极少依赖舞台效果或道具,
以面具的应用为其特点。这些戏剧因素,连同一种强烈的社会或政治目的,以及对
话中西班牙语、英语、和墨西哥裔美国人方言(这些方言真实地捕捉住了墨西哥裔
美国人对话的韵味)的混合使用,不仅仅仍为acto这类剧作所特有,而且也为当
今绝大多数其它形式的墨西哥裔美国人的戏剧所特有。
尽管它富于创新色彩,但acto这类剧作在很大程度上借鉴利用了其它时期和
其它地区的戏剧传统。如同早期西班牙裔美国人的宗教戏剧、世俗的民间戏剧、以
及某个稍后时期的墨西哥carpas戏剧一样,actos这类剧作通常在室外由演员巡回
剧团或由地方性剧团演出。Actos这类剧作即兴的喜剧讽刺经常被归诸于Valdez对
十六世纪意大利commedia dell’arte(即兴喜剧)的研究,尽管某些评论家将其
视作是更为当代和更具地方色彩的墨西哥carpas戏剧中喜剧性质和即兴性质的一
种直接反映。不管Valdez的直接渊源是什么,意大利的影响甚为可能:据称,墨
西哥的carpas戏剧本身就源自十六世纪西班牙作家的戏剧作品,而这些西班牙作
家则又是从与在西班牙国内到处巡回演出的意大利commedia dell’arte(即兴喜
剧)剧团的遭遇接触中汲取灵感的。用英语创作的戏剧同样也提供了某些因素:
Valdez自己就曾承认,他从二十年代和三十年代在美国出现的宣传鼓动性质的社会
主义戏剧中获益匪浅。尤其是,他的actos剧作包含了可在某些宣传鼓动性作品中
发现的同样类型的半寓意性人物,同样的音乐、合唱、和对话的融合,以及同样的
强烈的社会和政治批判精神。最后,Valdez的许多后期戏剧作品不拘一格地融合了
人物、情节、以及取材于拉丁美洲前西班牙民族的土著神话和宗教仪式中的各种象
征。事实上,没有任何其它艺术形式,能比Luis Valdez的actos剧作以及农业工
人剧社(the Teatro Campesino)更为清晰地例证墨西哥裔美国人的文学遗产本身
所达到的那种深度和复杂性。
The passage suggests that which of
the following was true of the later
actos of the Teatro Campesino?
They were more politically effec-
tive than were earlier actos.
They were presented primarily
outdoors, whereas earlier actos were
presented inside theaters.
They used a greater mixture of
dialects than did the earlier acros.
They addressed a broader audience
than did the earlier actos.
They differed from earlier actos
in that they contained fewer improvi-
sational elements."
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
1965年,在加利福尼亚州德拉诺田野里,Luis Valdez创办了Teatro Campesino
(农业工人剧社),并以该剧社的创立而开了美国墨西哥戏剧复兴繁荣之先河。
Teatro Campesino拥有一个公然宣称的政治目的:将campesinos(农业工人们)
集中团结起来,以支持在当时由Cesar Chavez组织的农业工人大罢工。Valdez创
作的被称为actos的戏剧专演专门面向一个由campesinos(农业工人)构成的观众,
涉及那些与罢工真接相关的话题与主题。Valdez的早期剧作由一系列有关罢工经验
的场景构成,由农业工人中的志愿者表演。他的后期剧作由一个新组建的但仍被称
为Teatro Campesino的专业剧团上演,所涉及的主题包括越南战争对墨西哥裔美
国人的影响,以及民族同化的危险。此类主题不仅仅与农业工人,而且亦与都市墨
西哥裔美国人相关。Valdez的所有剧作都包含歌舞因素,极少依赖舞台效果或道具,
以面具的应用为其特点。这些戏剧因素,连同一种强烈的社会或政治目的,以及对
话中西班牙语、英语、和墨西哥裔美国人方言(这些方言真实地捕捉住了墨西哥裔
美国人对话的韵味)的混合使用,不仅仅仍为acto这类剧作所特有,而且也为当
今绝大多数其它形式的墨西哥裔美国人的戏剧所特有。
尽管它富于创新色彩,但acto这类剧作在很大程度上借鉴利用了其它时期和
其它地区的戏剧传统。如同早期西班牙裔美国人的宗教戏剧、世俗的民间戏剧、以
及某个稍后时期的墨西哥carpas戏剧一样,actos这类剧作通常在室外由演员巡回
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] |