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王长喜大学英语考试四级大课堂（十五讲） |
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| 作者：佚名 来源：互联网 点击数： 更新时间：2006-6-30
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第十五讲 高分作文的写作模式
同学们， 大家好。
上一讲我们了解了四六级写作的一般要求，那么怎样才能达到要求，将自己的水平充分发挥出来，取得写作上的优异成绩呢？今天，我们一起来探讨一下，四六级写作的方法和技巧，研究一下四六级高分作文的模式。
一、 四六级写作技法和策略
1、对应法
由于四六级写作都是提纲式写作，有时，我们可以采用对应法按照中文提纲分别写成三段。
如：96年6月份考题：
提纲：1） 有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。（雨水、河水、井水……）
2、实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（人口增加、工业用水增加）
3、我们应该怎么办？
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
Generally, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What’s more, we have a lot of underground water.
Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption remains great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our rivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable.
We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage. First, population growth should be slowed down to reduce fresh water demand. Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life.
再如：95年1 月份试题：
提纲：1） 有人认为钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）
2） 有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of evil)
3） 我的看法。
Some think that money is the source of happiness. Once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money they have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife.
Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe.
In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it. We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on.
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这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。
2．调整法
尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，同学们应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。如上面有关"钱"的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。
What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happiness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons
Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people think that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money.
In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used.
二、 首段和尾段的写作
上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。
1．首段的写作
首段的写作方式一般为：
运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点
首段开篇的方式常见的有：
1） 谚语法
由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。
As the saying goes, "Money makes the mare go", but there are many things we can’t buy with money, such as time and true love. …
2） 定义法
定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。
"Practice makes perfect" is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.
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3） 提问法
通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。
a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.
4） 概括法
概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
5） 故事法
故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面"Is Stress a Bad Thing?"
6） 引语法
"Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can’t be retained." From Vinci’s words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.
7） 调查法
为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面"Is Stress a Bad Thing?"的1）和"Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?"的4）。
8） 假设法
假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。
Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? …
9） 综合法
具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。
首段示例1：
题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing?
提纲：
1）有人害怕压力
2） 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事
3） 我的看法
" I can’t stand the pressure and competition," explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don’t think his decision is wise in reality.
It is true that my friend’s case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn’t the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.
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